Credibly reintermediate backend ideas for cross-platform models. Continually reintermediate integrated processes through technically sound intellectual capital.
Moment...
Credibly reintermediate backend ideas for cross-platform models. Continually reintermediate integrated processes through technically sound intellectual capital.
When is the right time to visit a doctor? Which symtpoms should never be ignored?
This is a malignant tumour found in the lining of the large intestines up to the rectum.
The large intestine is known for its role in the digestive system to absorb water and remove waste from the food we eat.
Colon and rectal cancer mostly occur at older age, but by a particular number of people who have certain gene mutations, this cancer can occur at an early age, for example, at 30 without them realising it.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of death globally.
According to the data required from Globocan, there were an estimate of 1,354 new cases and 937 deaths from colorectal cancer in Kenya in 2018. Other data sources have noticed that there is a rise in colorectal cancer cases in Kenyan rural areas and that it is the fifth most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.
Let’s delve into factors that increase the risk of colorectal cancer:
-Some protective factors would be:
Now that we know the risks and protective factors, let’s have a look at the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer:
So how do we diagnose colorectal cancer?
After a proper diagnosis of colorectal cancer the next step would be to discuss with your oncologist and surgeon what the individual therapy plan will look like. This is determined by factors like
-Let have a look at the different therapy options
Which therapy regime each patient needs depends on some of the factors noted above. Some may need a Stoma bag after an operation. This will also be discussed with you during the planning stage for the therapy needed.
As always, seek medical advice and keep it Doki’s Advice for more info gems.
It does not in totality equate to dizziness but is a form of dizziness accompanied by a whirling, spinning sensation with a lack of postural stability or balance. Can be accompanied with Nausea and Vomiting
Vertigo can be a disease on its own, but it can also be a symptom of a chronic or acute condition.
For a better understanding, let’s remotely understand how balancing works. Balancing involves a complicated connection between the brain, inner ears, eyes, spine, and muscles. Disturbances, injuries, and infections of the above-mentioned can result in dizziness or vertigo.
Causes range from benevolent to life-threatening conditions.
Let’s start with the common ones:
Side effects of Medications such as antibiotics, chemotherapy, etc.
* Specific forms of migraines, like vestibular migraines.
*Motion Sickness.
peripheral Vertigo involving the inner ear (vestibular organ)
Today we focus on peripheral vertigo as a result of malfunctioning of the inner ear.
It’s important to note that the inner ear, being one of the smallest organs, has a complex ib structure with very many microscopic structures coordinating earing and balancing. We will spare you the details of how it works.
Peripheral vertigos include:
The most common vestibular disorders.
Vertigo or dizziness with acute onsets may last a few seconds to a few minutes.
The vertigo manifests itself with a change in body posture: turning in bed, movement of the head.
Trigger in layman’s tongue: irritation of the inner ear due to loose microscopic fragments detaching themselves from their fixation and circulating within the microscopic inner channels of the ear.
The diagnosis is clinical.
Therapy is the repositioning of detached fragments with physio—therapeutic special vertigo training.
2.Neuropathia Vestibularis.
Patients present with severe vertigo, mostly associated with nausea and vomiting and conspicuous loss of balance.
It is believed to be associated with an inflammation of the inner ear.
The diagnosis is also clinical after a thorough examination to rule out possible central causes.
Patients profit from steroids such as prednisolone and other symptomatic medications like vomex.
3.Meniere Disease.
Presents with a triad of tinnitus, loss of hearing, and severe vertigo.
Red flags of acute dizziness or vertigo:
In acute onsets, it is important for a clinician to note that most Vertigo’s are harmless. Underlying disorders may be overseen.
These include strokes of the brainstem, tumors, or even cardiac conditions.
It is important to rule out these conditions.
Using MRI scans. Long-term ECGs.
The most important thing is to always do a thorough clinical examination and a well-sourced patient’s history. When in doubt as a clinician, better do more tests than ignore your instincts.
Lastly, as a patient, before presenting yourself with dizziness, ask yourself simple questions like:
Did I hydrate well? Is my blood sugar okay?
And, as always, seek medical advice for better treatment.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate, which is a wall-nut-shaped gland in males. The function of the prostate is to produce seminal fluid that transports and nourishes sperm. Many prostate cancers grow slowly and are confined to the prostate gland, where they may not cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or even no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Prostate cancer, when detected early, has a better chance of being successful.
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
It’s not clear what causes prostate cancer. However, the following risk factors may play a role:
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer may show no signs in its early stages. When advanced, it may cause the following symptoms:
What are the complications of prostate cancer?
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
How is prostate cancer treated?
Remember to always seek medical advice from your practitioner.
Generally, it’s difficult to get accurate data due to circumstances such as:
Low collection accuracy and underdiagnosis. A huge number of cancer patients could go undiagnosed, especially if they lack adequate funds for diagnostics and treatment, hence avoiding going to hospital.
Most of the data collected comes from Nairobi and other urbanised settings.
Most leading cancers in Kenya are:
Approximately 75% of cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages due to factors named above as well as lack of awareness.
So, let’s dive into lung cancer as well as other types of cancers we will handle in coming articles.
Lung cancer is a malignant tumour growth that can occur in either side of the lungs or both. This can either be the main tumour or a metastasis (cancer spreading) of other types of cancers of the prostate, breast, head, neck, kidney, and womb, just to mention a few.
The downside of most cancers is that they have no initial symptoms that one could watch out for, in order to push one to go for an early check-up.
Nonetheless, lung cancer patients could experience common symptoms such as:
There are two main types of lung cancer:
The type of lung cancer a patient has determines the kind of therapy they will require.
The age at which most people are affected is around the age of 40 and above. Rarely does it occur to younger patients.
The most common cause of lung cancer, as we all know, is of course, smoking, which accounts for approximately 70% of the cases. This does not mean that nonsmokers cannot develop lung cancer.
Other causes of lung cancer among nonsmokers are:
Let’s see how lung cancer can be diagnosed:
– NSE: Mostly high in small-cell lung cancers
– LDH: generally, suspiciously high in most cancer patients, regardless of the type of cancer
– CYFRA-21: mostly determined to check therapy responsiveness.
Now that we know what methods we use to detect, lets dive into diff therapy regimes. These are also determined by how big the tumour is, how many of them are there, either on one side of the lung or both, and how far it has spread to other organs.
-Which therapy regime is appropriate for each patient is dependent on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, the patient’s capability to withstand a particular therapy regime, and their general health situation.
-Always seek medical advice from a professional oncologist, surgeon, and oncology-radiologist because the treatment of a lung cancer patient is a multidisciplinary therapy concept.
-Other than that, avoid smoking. If you are already a smoker, do your best to stop smoking or do smoking cessation therapy.
And as always, for more medical gems, keep it Doki’s Advice.
-This is one of the most common conditions in the world currently affecting the whole world in large numbers.
-3% of adults in Kenya are affected by diabetes, but in this number, we haven’t considered the large number of children and adults who are undiagnosed.
-So, I know most of have heard the word Diabetes and have an idea that it’s a condition whereby blood sugar levels are too high. I want us to dive deep into this disease to better understand it and how much damage long term high blood sugar levels affects those with diabetes.
-Before we get into that it’s good to clarify that there are two main types of diabetes known by the general public, type 1 and 2 but there exit two other types. Let’s have a look at all 4:
-Now that we know the various types of diabetes let’s start from the top.
-This type of diabetes can develop from a young age mostly to around the age of 25 to 30 years. The downside of it is that it can also start at any age but isn’t as common.
-As earlier stated, the pancreas gradually reduces the production of insulin until it eventually doesn’t produce any at all. The amount of blood sugar then increases over time, which can cause serious damage to organs like the kidneys, blood vessels, eyes, and nerves.
Cause oy type 1 diabetes:
Symptoms of type 1 Diabetes
– deep breathing,
– nausea and vomiting
-a fruity smelling breath
-falling into a coma
Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes:
-HbA1c test- this is a test checking the level of glycated haemoglobin. This value can also be used to control how good one’s diabetes is being managed.
-Determining of the C-peptid: This is a part of an insulin molecule. In type 1 diabetes patients its missing since they can’t produce insulin at all.
Intervention/Treatment:
-The basic rule of treatment of diabetes type 1 is that all patients need an insulin therapy. If you remember, we said earlier that a type 1 diabetes patient doesn’t produce any insulin. This means these patients require insulin to enable them to regulate and propel the uptake of blood sugar in the required cells.
-Now how much insulin each patient requires depends on different criteria’s such as: Eating habits, body activity, and severity of insulin resistance in the body.
Insulin therapy schemes:
Conventional insulin therapy:
-This is giving fixed insulin doses at specific times of the day e.g., in the morning and evening. This would also mean the patients need to eat at specific times and specific amount of bread units, since the insulin doses are particularly fixed depending on this cycle.
-So, what is a bread unit (BU) or as some may call it a carbohydrate unit (CU)? This is used to calculate the amount of carbohydrates contained in food. One BU is equal to approximately 10 to 12g of carbohydrates.
-Example of how this works: Patient A with type 1 diabetes applies the insulin at 7am in the morning and 7 pm in the night. 2/3 of the insulin doses is therefore injected at 7am and 1/3 of the doses at 7pm. The patient is then required to make sure that they have their meals at specific times and specific amounts of bread units e.g., breakfast at 7:30am lunch at 13pm and dinner at 7:30pm.
Intensified insulin therapy:
-In this therapy regime the intention is to imitate the natural blood sugar management in the body.
-How do we go about this?
-patients inject themselves a long-acting basal insulin (e.g., insulin glargine, insulin Levemir): this can be done either once a day or twice a day
-Patients then inject a short-acting insulin depending on the meals they take and blood sugar levels at the time of application. (e.g., insulin lispro, insulin apart, insulin glulisine or normalinsulin)
Insulin pump therapy:
-This type of therapy is where the patients get an external pump on the body that continuously injects insulin depending on the blood sugar level.
-This therapy regime is mostly applicable for children as they are not capable of controlling and doing the self-application of insulin or also for adults whose blood sugar management isn’t satisfactory.
-The downside about this therapy is that it’s important for the patients to frequently check their blood sugar levels to avoid hypoglycaemia which can lead to a diabetes coma and if not treated early could lead to death.
-Please note for diabetes treatment: always consult your doctor and do regular check-ups to check if your diabetes management is under control, hence helping reduce diabetes complications. We’ll talk about these complications after looking at all the other types of diabetes.
As explained on our previous article, in type 2 diabetes, the body is either incapable of producing enough insulin to breakdown blood sugar through sugar uptake in the necessary cells like the liver, muscles, kidney, fatty cells or the brain cells, or the insulin sensitivity is so low that blood sugar uptake in the named organs is not guaranteed.
In most cases type 2 diabetes Is associated with the metabolic syndrome.
-What is this syndrome you may ask? It’s a term used to describe a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol and obesity that together increase the risk of heart diseases, stroke and other conditions affecting the blood vessels.
Symptoms of a metabolic syndrome:
Complications of a metabolic syndrome can include:
Symptoms of type 2 Diabetes: just as type 1
– deep breathing,
– nausea and vomiting
-a fruity smelling breath
-falling into a coma
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes:
-HbA1c test- this is a test checking the level of glycated haemoglobin. This value can also be used to control how good one’s diabetes is being managed.
– When your blood is drawn by your doctor the HbA1c is the value they determine to see if it lies within the normal margin or above (normal values would be between 4.5% and 5.7%…..For values above 6.5% one would the give the diagnosis: Diabetes). Now disclaimer this value may also slightly differ depending on the parameters each lab uses.
-Determining of the C-peptid: This is a part of an insulin molecule. In type 1 diabetes patients its missing since they can’t produce insulin at all.
Interventions/Treatment:
-Now here there is one slight difference to type 1..and that is one can start with oral medication unlike type one where insulin application is non-negotiable.
-Now since we live in a modern society therapy is a bit modified to fit each patient specifically. This kind of modified type of therapy takes into consideration a patients Life expectancy, other ailments, other medications that they take, risk of someone having hypoglycaemia and so on.
-There are different type of antidiabetic medications for example:
-Now at this point I know your asking what is a long term blood sugar value right?. This is the Hb1Ac value measured from your red blood cells as described above and it can also be used to determine how good the given therapy inclusive of eating habits have been working for at least the last 3 Months. Why 3 Months you ask? Because red blood cells have a 3 Month life expectancy before they are replaced with new cells.
– Metfromin + Dapaglifozin /Empaglifozin
– Metformin + Dulaglutid/Liraglutid
– Metformin + Glibenclamid
-Metformin + any one of the above + insulin
Disclaimer: You should always consult a medical doctor before taking any medication for advice. This because some of these medications have different side effects and could be inappropriate for one patient but appropriate for another.
Some side effects from some of these therapy regimes include:
-Signs such as:
Want to find out more on diabetes? Keep it at Doki’s Advice and remeber to always seek medical advice before any treatment and when you notice any of the symptoms above.
Upper gastrointestinal Bleeding (GI-Bleeding)
-This is bleeding that occurs in the upper gut, stomach and/ or the duodenum (this is the first part of the small intestine).
-What do you have to look out for if you suspect that you are having upper GI-bleeding?
Here are some signs:
-What should we understand by this? This is when one loses a large amount of blood that the body suddenly goes into a shock mode:
-What to look out for when in shock?
-If this happens seek medical attention ASAP!
-Now that we know what signs to look out for, lets dive into the various causes of upper GI-Bleeding.
-Signs of gastric Ulcers: heartburn, indigestion, or reflux.
-Stomach acidity can increase due to factors such as: bacterial infections or medication like Ibuprofen taken for a longer period without taking PPI’s (PPI are drugs meant to reduce the acidity produced by special stomach cells).
Prevention and Treatment of upper GI-Bleeding
Avoiding excessive consumption of alcohol
Avoid excessive smoking.
Early and thorough treatment of bacterial infections caused by H-Pylori
By prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs supplementary use of PPI’s (These are medication to help reduce stomach acidity).
In cases of bleeding, seeking immediate medical attention with interventions such es endoscopic haemostasis
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GI-Bleeding)
Now let’s jump into the lower part of the GI-Tract and look at the signs and symptoms, evaluate causes, and look at the interventions.
Lower GI-Bleeding is occurring in the lower gut. Lower gut is considered to start from lower small intestine and the whole large intestine till the rectum.
Let’s have a look at some signs and symptoms:
General symptoms:
Specific Symptoms for lower GI-Bleeding:
Now that we know what to look out for let’s see what causes bleeding of the lower GI-Tract
Whoo! Now that we know all these causes let’s have a look at what interventions we have:
How do you prevent all these you may ask? Now here it gets a little bit tricky because some of these could be genetically caused like colorectal cancer or CIBD. Despite all that, here are some things one could do:
Diet for GI-Bleeding
Understanding the cause of the diagnosis is always necessary to adapt nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Generally, foods rich in iron are recommended as one can lose a lot of iron during bleeding especially if it is extensive. It is also advised to eat small meals more often while your digestive system heals. Some lifestyle adjustments are also necessary, that is restricting alcoholic drinks, smoking, caffeine (coffee, regular tea, chocolate), mints (peppermint and spearmint), garlic, onions, fried, greasy, or spicy foods, high acid foods such as citrus fruits and juices, bubbly drinks, tomato products if one engages in them. Alcohol and smoking should be avoided as they increase stomach acids and lead to ulcers which worsen the bleeding. The general idea with food is to avoid foods that cause either heartburn, nausea, or diarrhoea.
Examples of recommended foods are red meat, shellfish, poultry, eggs, beans, raisins, whole-grain breads, and leafy greens.
For more informative Reads…. keep it Doki’s Advice.
Disclaimer: This article is majorly for public Education. As a medical practitioner reading this, you are obligated to know more than these basics.
Consider your nerves as fine electrical fibres that conduct impulses to various muscles and organs leading to coordinated muscle and organ functions.
Now consider your Brain as the control centre of all these wires consisting of complex circuits and connections.
A Seizure is an abrupt non synchronised electrical disturbances and conductions.
Before we go FAR, we want to make it Clear that not everyone who has suffered a Seizure has EPILEPSY.
EPILEPSY is defined as a chronic neurologic disorder with predisposition of epileptic seizures.
So careful: People having EPILEPSY as a diagnosis will always have recurrent seizures at points of their lives.
BUT NOT Everyone who has a Seizure has EPILEPSY. Confusing as it is; not all seizures =Epilepsy. (Read it again carefully)
Classification of Seizures.
1.General Seizures: Electrical disturbances in the whole brain.
2.Partial Seizures: Disturbances in one part of the brain.
CAVE: partial seizures can transit to general Seizures.
General Seizures:
Under this Category we have.
a) Tonic-Clonic Seizures: with muscle stiffness and Jerking.
b) Absence Seizures: No jerking involved, just a transient loss of awareness: Affected just stare absent mindedly.
c) Atonic seizures: loss of muscle strength.
d) Myoclonic: Rhythmic muscle jerking without stiffness.
Partial Seizures:
a) complex partial: Loss of consciousness and awareness.
b) Simple partial seizure: No loss of Awareness.
Causes of Symptomatic Seizures:
There are stimuli that also trigger seizures these may include:(These can be observed on people with or without epilepsy)
Again, be reminded: Not all seizures mean the affected have Epilepsy:
MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES:
Disclaimer: As a clinician reading this, you will need much more knowledge than this.
Why is this important?
In as much as most seizures last for 2-3 mins on average,
epileptic Seizures past 5 mins are known as status epilepticus and might cause irreversible brain damage if not intervened and broken, it could also lead to death.
This is how to conduct yourself when a victim suddenly develops a seizure in your presence:
Easier said than done:(not necessarily in this order, but have a structure)
1.Stay calm, observe the nature of the seizure. Note the beginning of the seizure and immediately alert the paramedics, since it’s not predictable how long a seizure lasts.
2.Do not try to physically stop a seizure.
3.Secure the Surroundings to ensure no further injuries occur.
4.Loosen tight clothes such as Ties and belts.
5.If it’s a person with known history of seizures (a family member for instance) check their emergency kit, if there is an acute seizure pill/spray/ injection.
6.When the Seizure ends and the patients are still in the post seizure sleep, secure the airway using the stable Side recovery position, In case of a foaming mouth, this manoeuvre should be done as soon as possible.
Diet for epilepsy
The most well-established dietary therapy for epilepsy is the ketogenic diet (high fat, adequate protein, low carbohydrate). Other diets with great potential for managing epilepsy are the Atkins diet (high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate), a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a diet with overall restriction of calorie intake.
The modality of work of the ketogenic diet is through the anticonvulsant effect of fasting/ starvation as protein digestion becomes the primary source of energy and not the carbohydrates thus tricking the brain that it is starved. In the ketogenic diet, the body produces ketones through the process of ketosis. The ketones then inhibit the release of glutamate which is an excitatory neurotransmitter and produce GABA which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The ketones also prevent degradation of GABA and thus lead to better seizure control through the combined effect of GABA and inhibition of release of glutamate. It is effective in all people, but more effective in toddlers and school going ages. It helps in all convulsions, but more specific about 50% of patients treated with the ketogenic diet exhibit 50% or more reduction in seizure frequency.
Examples of foods that make the ketogenic diet are: dairy (cheese, plain Greek yoghurt, cottage cheese), unsweetened plant based milk, seafood (fish and shellfish), green leafy vegetables (salad greens, cooking greens and herbs), peppers (small hot peppers, jalapenos, bell peppers and poblanos), summer squash, avocadoes, cauliflower, turnips, poultry, meat (preferably grass-fed due to higher content of omega 3 fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid), nuts and seeds, berries (especially raspberries and strawberries), dark chocolate and cocoa powder, olive oil, butter and ghee, unsweetened tea and coffee and unsweetened sparkling water etc.
Keto diets can be restrictive at first and can have some side effects: dizziness, digestive changes, increased cholesterol etc. Of essence is to ensure a variety of foods are eaten so as to meet the daily requirements. At the beginning, it also important to keenly monitor carb intake and discontinue the diet if side effects are severe.
Some vegetables should be avoided while on the ketogenic diet, the main reason being that their carb amounts are high. These are: potatoes (Irish and sweet potatoes), onions (especially in large amounts), certain winter squashes (such as acorn squash and butternut squash), corn and beets.
The Atkins diet is also a low carb diet with high protein and fat intake. In essence, the Atkins diet is quite like the ketogenic diet. The difference is that with the Atkins diet, you gradually increase your carb intake while with the ketogenic diet, the carb intake remains very low.
NB: Before starting any diet it’s important to seek medical advice just to be sure that the diet you plan undertaking won’t further affect your health.
We sure shall do another Article on Seizures and Epilepsy. It’s a broad topic.
According to WHO data in 2020 Deaths caused by liver diseases in Kenya were about 13,400 or 5.09% of the total deaths. With an age rate of 57.44 deaths per 100,000 of the population, ranking Kenya at number 6 in the world.
Leading causes of death in Kenya as per worldlifeexpectancy.com sept/2020
Liver cirrhosis is a condition where the liver becomes scarred and damaged over time, which can prevent it from performing its important functions. Let’s break down these functions in a simpler way:
In liver cirrhosis, the liver’s ability to perform these functions is compromised due to the scarring and damage it has undergone.
Liver cirrhosis can have various causes. Here are some common ones:
Liver cirrhosis can be classified as either:
The signs and symptoms of liver cirrhosis can vary, but here are some common ones:
It’s important to note that liver cirrhosis is a serious condition that requires medical attention and treatment.
The treatment and interventions for liver cirrhosis include:
Diet for cirrhosis
Therapeutic role of nutrition in liver cirrhosis has been known for many years and as such, nutritional status was one of the criteria observed in the initial prognostic tests for liver disease.
Being malnourished is also very common in people with cirrhosis with about 20% of people with compensated cirrhosis being malnourished and more than 50% of people with decompensated cirrhosis. When dealing with liver cirrhosis, being malnourished is a risk factor for succumbing to the disease. So, to enable better coping, reversal of malnutrition to a state of good nutrition is key.
In general, a diet that ameliorates or prevents the symptoms of liver cirrhosis as described above is a good diet for management. This is for example a diet that prevents high pressure in veins, a diet rich in albumin etc.
Some of the diet recommendations are:
It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment options, and ongoing management of liver cirrhosis.
And as always keep yourself informed at Doki’s Advice
In Sub-Sahara Africa, about 9.5% of children and adolescents
are reported to have a psychiatric disorder such as (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety)
As the Kenyan population has grown research showed that the estimated ratio of one psychiatrist is to a population of about half a million people, with most psychiatrists practising in the capital, Nairobi.
The World Health Organisation reports that mental health problems affect 10 – 20 % of children and adolescents worldwide. In addition to that half of all mental illness begins by age 14.
Common childhood conditions include:
Autism or autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella or various disorders:
Condition characterised by:
Intervention:
Tips for Parents:
General therapy:
E.g.:
Prior: The teacher says “It’s time to clean up your toys” at the end of the day.
Behaviour: The student yells “no!”
Consequence: The teacher removes the toys and says “Okay, toys are all done.”
How could ABA help a child learn a more appropriate behaviour in this situation?
Prior: The teacher says “time to clean up” at the end of the day.
Behaviour: The student is reminded to ask, “Can I have 5 more minutes?”
Consequence: The teacher says, “Of course you can have 5 more minutes!”
With continued practice a child will be able to replace an inappropriate behavior with one that’s more appropriate.
This is characterised by: impaired attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of these symptoms.
Diagnosis criteria:
Impaired attention
often:
Hyperactivity and impulsivity:
Often:
It’s associated with low rates of high school education and poor peer relationships,
Children who are disruptive and hyperactive are more likely to be identified and diagnosed as opposed to ADHD-children without these behaviours.
ADHD frequently presents with other conditions such as: learning and language disorders, oppositional behaviour, conduct disturbance, anxiety, depression and coordination disorders.
Tips for Parents:
– In CBT your thoughts, feelings, physical sensations and actions are deemed connected, and that negative thoughts and feelings can trap you in a never-ending cycle.
-The aim of CBT is to help break down all the overwhelming issues into small parts that one can deal with easily
Intervention:
Behavioural therapy: this enhances motivation using rewards and other consequences and providing models and opportunities for social learning.
-Parental training in behavioural management teaches parents to shape their child’s behaviours with the use of simple behaviour modification and social learning theory like teaching parents how to communicate about their emotions, promoting positive parent-child interaction skills.
ODD is a diagnosis appropriate only when the below behaviours occur to such a degree that they interfere with academic success, peer relationships, familial relationships, or other major areas of life
Risk factors that can lead to development of ODD:
Children who:
Symptoms: over a period of at least 6 months and the cause of these behaviours should not be caused by other factors like trauma or abuse:
Intervention/ tips for parents:
-praising good and positive behaviour rather than strict punishments for unwanted behaviours
Behavioural and emotional disorder characterised by disruptive and breaking societal rules.
Symptoms: behaviour present with 12 months
Risk factors:
-High comorbidity with ADHD or ODD
Tips for parents:
*These tips may seem like easy and basic but when dealing with opposition/conduct disorder they don’t come that easy. That means they require routine, practise, and a lot of patience while still showing consistent, unconditional love and acceptance towards your child.
Mental disorder after exposure to traumatic events.
Either:
Symptoms:
Tips for Parents:
Disclaimer: Always seek medical attention before beginning any new medications for your child or as soon as you notice any symptoms within the span of 6 months.
For more keep it Doki’s Advice….
Interactive Series between Doki and Students. enjoy the session with a cup of coffee
Send us a subscription in order to receive a donations receipt